According to Eurogamer.net, the UK Court of Appeal has ruled that in-game currency from MMOs like RuneScape can be treated as property under the 1968 Theft Act, meaning stealing it is now criminal theft. The bombshell decision came in the case of R v Andrew Lakeman [2026], involving a former Jagex developer who allegedly hacked nearly 70 player accounts to harvest gold, selling it for Bitcoin. Jagex valued the stolen gold at £543,123, based on its exchange rate for in-game Bonds, which can be used to purchase subscriptions otherwise bought with real money. This overturns a 2024 verdict that had sided with the defense, which argued the gold was “not rivalrous” and more like “pure information” that couldn’t be stolen. The three-judge appeal panel, including Lord Justice Popplewell, found that previous reasoning didn’t “bear analysis,” concluding the virtual assets are indeed “intangible property.” This closes a chapter for Jagex but opens a massive legal can of worms for the entire games industry.
Why this is a big deal
Look, courts have been dancing around the “property” status of digital stuff for ages. Is it just data? Is it information? This ruling cuts through that. The judges basically said RuneScape gold exists as an “identifiable asset” distinct from the code itself, with “ascertainable monetary value” traded both inside and outside the game. That’s huge. It moves these digital items out of a legal gray area and onto a shelf next to other things you can own and, crucially, have stolen from you. It validates what players have felt for years—that their time and effort, converted into virtual wealth, has real worth. And it gives companies like Jagex a much stronger legal cudgel against employees or hackers who try to siphon that value out of their ecosystems.
The wider ripple effect
So what does this mean beyond one guy and a ton of RuneScape gold? The immediate impact is on any UK-based hacker targeting in-game economies. If you’re stealing World of Warcraft gold or FIFA Ultimate Team coins, you’re now potentially looking at a theft charge, not just a ban. But the implications go way further. Here’s the thing: if in-game items are property with monetary value, that directly feeds into the raging debate over whether loot boxes constitute gambling. Regulators have struggled with that because they often hinge on whether you’re getting something of “value.” This ruling from a senior court strongly suggests that, in the UK at least, the answer is yes. That could accelerate calls for stricter regulation. It also raises wild questions about tax, inheritance, and fraud in virtual worlds. Basically, a line has been drawn in the digital sand.
Winners, losers, and uncertainty
The clear winners here are game publishers with robust virtual economies. They get a powerful new legal precedent to protect their revenue streams and player trust. Companies like Jagex, Blizzard, and Epic Games now have a firmer stand against RMT (real-money trading) and internal fraud. The losers? Well, gold farmers and account hackers just saw their legal risk profile skyrocket. But there‘s a potential downside for the industry, too. Recognizing virtual items as property could invite more scrutiny from financial regulators. It might complicate how games are designed, pushing developers to be more transparent about drop rates and values. And what about player disputes? If a guild leader runs off with the shared guild bank, is that embezzlement? This ruling is a gift that will keep on giving to lawyers for years. The full judgment, which you can read at the National Archives, is worth a look if you’re into this stuff. It’s a landmark moment, no question. But as with any landmark, what gets built around it is anyone’s guess.
